The history of GeoEngineering, Weather Warfare, Weather Modification and Chemical manipulations of Earth’s environment goes back to past century and more. Since 1850 people in U.S. have been trying to use cloud seeding and rain making methods to control rains. As per publically available documents government agencies, the military and commercial interests of the U.S. and abroad have invested in a radical scalar system of weather modification that is now revealed to have far too many unintended negative consequences to sustain life on earth. A good research in this regard is available at this website that has been independently analysed and verified by us.
A detailed analysis of historical development on the abovementioned topic is beyond the scope of this article as we would cover these developments individually and independently. A brief history of this topic is as follows:
1877: Harvard geologist Nathaniel Shaler proposed channeling more of the warm Kuroshio Current through the Bering Strait to raise temperatures in the Polar region by 30 degrees.
1912: New York Engineer and Industrialist, Carroll Livingston Riker proposed building a 200 mile jetty off Newfoundland to increase the Gulf Stream’s flow into to the Arctic Basin with the added benefit that it would “shift” the axis of planet earth.
[ See The New York Times September 29, 1912, Article titled “To Move The Earth And Melt The Pole (1912)” (Pdf) ]
1929: Hermann Oberth, German-Hungarian physicist and engineer; Proposed building giant mirrors on a space station to focus the Sun’s radiation on Earth’s surface, making the far North habitable and freeing sea lanes to Siberian harbors.
[ See Climate Engineering- Technical status, future directions, and potential responses (2011) (Pdf) ]
In 1930 three European scientists pushed the experiments and science further than ever before. August Veraart of Holland triumphantly proclaimed that the dry ice he dispersed into the clouds caused it to rain, but his voice was so loud and his claims so extravagant that he was dismissed altogether. At the same time a duo from Scandinavia and Germany experimented with freezing vapor on ice crystals in clouds and claimed that “at comparatively slight expense, it will, in time, be possible to bring about rain artificially.”
None of these men garnered much credit for the first successful cloud seeding. That honour goes to Irving Langmuir, Vincent Schaefer, and Bernard Vonnegut of the General Electric Laboratories in Schenectady, New York, in 1946. Langmuir’s work on cloud seeding is a footnote in a long and storied career as a chemist and inventor. As a researcher, associate director, and consultant at General Electric, he advanced many fields and earned top honors for his work, including the Nobel Prize in 1932. Schaefer was Langmuir’s assistant who gained recognition for having serendipitously discovered how to form ice crystals in his home ice box—dry ice—which is solid carbon dioxide. In November 1946 he confirmed, in a four-mile long stratus cloud,—what he tested in his ice box—that ice crystals formed when clouds were cooled. Not long thereafter, the younger Vonnegut found that silver iodide could be used to seed clouds to produce rain and snow.
[ See Project Skywater (1961) Page 7 (Pdf) ]
1945: Julian Huxley was the biologist and Secretary-General of UNESCO. In 1946-48 he proposed exploding atomic bombs at an appropriate height above the polar regions to raise the temperature of the Arctic Ocean and warm the entire climate of the northern temperate zone.
[ See Climate engineering- Technical status, future directions, and potential responses (2011) ]
1947: The year 1947 was the first turning point in the history of U.S. GeoEngineering and Weather Modification activities. The National Security Act of 1947 was passed in U.S.. Aside from the military reorganisation, the act established the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the U.S.’s first peacetime non-military intelligence agency.
The Bureau of Reclamation took interest in weather modification in 1947, a year after Schaefer’s seeding demonstrations.
[ See Project Skywater (1961) Page 8 (Pdf) ]
1958: M. Gorodsky, Soviet engineer and mathematician, and Valentin Cherenkov, Soviet meteorologist; proposed placing a ring of metallic potassium particles into Earth’s polar orbit to diffuse light reaching Earth and increase solar radiation to thaw the permanently frozen soil of Russia, Canada, and Alaska and melt polar ice.
[ See Climate engineering- Technical status, future directions, and potential responses (2011) (Pdf) ]
1958: Arkady Markin, Soviet engineer; Proposed that the United States and Soviet Union build a gigantic dam across the Bering Strait and use nuclear power–driven propeller pumps to push the warm Pacific current into the Atlantic by way of the Arctic Sea. Arctic ice would melt, and the Siberian and North American frozen areas would become temperate and productive.
[ See Climate engineering- Technical status, future directions, and potential responses (2011) (Pdf) ]
1958: Russian Oil engineer, P.M. Borisov’s proposed melting the Arctic and Greenland icecaps by spreading black coal dust on the ice, creating cloud-cover across the poles to trap heat and to divert warm Atlantic waters into the polar regions. This scheme was taken seriously by Soviet climatologists. Two conferences were held in Leningrad in the early 1960’s following an initial meeting in Moscow by the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1959.
1958: Atlantic Richfield geologist L.M. Natland, proposed exploding up to 100 underground nuclear bombs to mine the Alberta Oil Sands. Heat from the detonations was expected to boil the bitumen deposits, reducing their viscosity to the point that standard drilling operations could be used. The plan was encouraged by US efforts to find “peaceful uses” for atomic energy. The project was approved in 1959 but the Canadian government reversed their decision in 1962 and declared that Canada was opposed to all forms of nuclear testing. In 2012 the Canadian Tar Sands are, again an issue of international concern.
During US Congress, Senate, Committee on Inter-State and Foreign Commerce, Weather Modification Research, Hearing, Washington D.C. US Govt. Printing Offlce, March 18-19, 1958: Lowell Ponte quotes Capt. Orville as reporting “that the Dept. of Defense was studying ways to manipulate the charges of earth and sky and so affect the weather by means of an electronic beams to ionize or de-ionize the atmosphere over a given area” …. Capt. Orville also discussed ongoing US Air Force experiments with ‘sodium vapor, ejected from jet planes to intercept solar radiation ‘ over enemy countries and rain their weather.
[ See WEATHER MODIFICATION: THE EVOLUTION OF AN R&D PROGRAM INTO A MILITARY OPERATION (1986) (Pdf) ]
1961: Project Skywater came fifteen years after Irving Langmuir, Vincent Schaefer, and Bernard Vonnegut of the General Electric Laboratories in Schenectady, New York, successfully demonstrated in 1946 that “seeding” clouds with nucleating agents like dry ice (carbon dioxide) and silver iodide produced rain.
[ See Project Skywater (1961) (Pdf) ]
1961: Scientists propose artificial ion cloud experiments. In 1960’s the dumping of chemicals (barium powder etc.) from satellites/rockets began.
1961-62: Soviets and USA blast many EMPs in atmosphere, 300 megatons of nuclear devices deplete ozone layer estimated at 4%.
1962: Launch of Canadian satellites and start of stimulating plasma resonances by antennas within the space plasma.
1962: This was the second turning point in the history of U.S. Harry Wexler (March 15, 1911- 1962) was an MIT graduate and PhD in meteorology. Wexler had been researching the link connecting chlorine and bromine compounds to the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layers, but died in 1962. The Weather Bureau in Washington said the exact cause of death was not known. He had been in New England Baptist Hospital for about a week before his death.
[ See The Baltimore Sun, 12 Aug 1962, Sun, Page Page 37. ]
After the death of Wexler, the policy focus shifted to cooling the planet instead of heating it up.
In the 1963 Geoengineering proposals to warm the Arctic took a largely unexplained U-turn when oceanographer, Roger Revelle’s research concluded that carbon dioxide was already warming the climate for free and without the need for expensive and risky geoengineering projects.
If the science of Roger Revelle’s forecast for global warming turned out to be wrong or too slow, the DoD could step in – for reasons of national security – to assist arctic warming as secret component of the military’s classified weather modification and weapons program.
Revelle had worked with the Navy in the late 1940’s to determine which projects gained funding and successfully promoted the idea that the Navy should invest more in “basic research”. Revelle was deeply involved in the global growth of oceanography. He was also one of the committee chairmen in the influential National Academy of Sciences studies of the “Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation” (BEAR), 1954-1964. Revelle’s world influence was significant as president of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, an international group of scientists devoted to advising on international projects. Revelle and other scientists at Scripps Institution of Oceanography helped the U.S. government to plan nuclear weapons tests so that oceanographers might make use of the data.
The conclusions of the BEAR report were understandably significant for demonstrating the harmful biological and environmental damage of atomic radiation and could easily suffice to thwart geoengineering projects that recommended detonating H-bombs. But the evidence is weak that all intentions to mediate arctic climate was totally abandoned.
If the fundamental goal to warm the arctic remains an unspoken priority of national security in the energy sector, the project could be taken out of public view and committee oversight to become a classified operation in the development of the military’s weather warfare program –an initiative that was acknowledged by civilian weather modification programs formalised by the 1966 NASA and ICAS charter.
1972: First reports on “ionospheric heater” experiments with high frequency radio waves, at Arecibo. 100-megawatt heater in Norway built later in decade; can change conductivity of auroral ionosphere.
1972: Potential Value of Satellite Cloud Pictures in Weather Mod. Projects – Report prepared for NASA by Institute of Atmospheric Sciences South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City.
[ See POTENTIAL VALUE OF SATELLITE CLOUD PICTURES IN WEATHER MODIFICATION PROJECTS (1972) (Pdf)]
1974: United Nations General Assembly bans environmental warfare. ENMOD.
1975: Stanford professor Robert Helliwell reports that VLF from power lines is altering the ionosphere.
1975: U. S. Senator Gaylord Nelson forces Navy to release research showing that ELF transmissions can alter human blood chemistry.
1975: Pell Senate Subcommittee urges that weather and climate modification work be overseen by civilian agency answerable to U.S. Congress. No action taken.
1976: Drs. Susan Bawin and W. Ross Adey show nerve cells affected by ELF fields.
1979: Launch of NASA’s third High-Energy Astrophysical Observatory causes large-scale, artificially-induced depletion in the ionosphere. Plasma hole caused by “rapid chemical processes” between rocket exhaust and ozone layer.” …“ionosphere was significantly depleted over a horizontal distance of 300 km for some hours.”
1985: This was the third turning point in the U.S.’s GeoEngineering and Weather Modification history. Bernard J. Eastlund applies for patent “Method and Apparatus for Altering a Region in the Earth’s Atmosphere, ionosphere and/or Magnetosphere,” (First of 3 Eastlund patents assigned to ARCO Power Technologies Inc.)
1986: US Navy Project Henhouse duplicates Delgado (Madrid) experiment — very low-level, very-low-frequency pulsed magnetic fields harm chick embryos.
1987: In the later part of the decade the U.S. begins network of Ground Wave Emergency Network (GWEN) towers, each to generate Very Low Frequency (VLF) waves for defense purposes
1987-92: Other APTI scientists build on Eastlund patents for development of new weapon capabilities.
1994: Military contractor E-Systems buys APTI, holder of Eastlund patents and contract to build biggest ionospheric heater in world (HAARP).
1994: Congress freezes funding on HAARP until planners increase emphasis on earth-penetrating tomography uses, for nuclear counter proliferation efforts. (Oil and gas exploration)
1995-1997: Public complaints accumulate across the US regarding unusual cloud formations and sudden increase in observable persistent jet contrails that appear unnaturally under dry atmospheric conditions. These observations are accompanied by complaints of biological specimens and web formations that appear to fall from the sky. Many instances of qualified lab analysis reveal high concentration of aluminum, barium and other elements that are consistent with DoD electromagnetic experiments.
1995: Raytheon buys E-Systems and old APTI patents. The technology is now hidden among thousands of patents within one of the largest defense contractor portfolios.
1995: Test of patent number 5,041,834 to generate an Artificial Ionospheric Mirror (AIM), or a plasma layer in the atmosphere. The AIM is used like the ionosphere to reflect RF energy over great distances.
1994-6: Testing of first-stage HAARP (euphemistically named High frequency Active Auroral Research Program) equipment continues,
although funding was frozen.
1996: HAARP scientists test the earth-penetrating tomography applications by modulating the electroject at Extremely Low Frequencies (ELF)
1998: Projected date for fully-operating HAARP system.
2009: Operation HAMP – Department of Homeland Security operation to Modify and Steer Hurricanes with Geoengineering Aerosols.
[ See this website ]
The 1996 Air Force document that forecasts “Owning the Weather in 2025” would not rule out using Tesla and plasma technologies to increase arctic temperatures in order to disadvantage a perceived enemy. A decision not to intervene might betray the military’s primary objective of “Full Spectrum Dominance”. After all, access to Oil and Gas has been a national security priority for decades.
[ See Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025 (pdf) ]
2012: Celebrating 50 years of Success. A Compilation of highlights from the Institute of Atmospheric Sciences at South Dakota School of Mines & Technology Rapid City.
This is just an illustrative list and we would add more resources, links and information to this article. Please visit this page regularly and visit the blog for individual and supportive documents and research.
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